Fig. 4

Comparisons of fold changes in plasma (a) NPY, (b) leptin, (c) acyl-ghrelin, (d) motilin, and (e) substance P levels with respect to baseline (day 1, before administration of chemotherapy) between the CINV (red columns; n = 4) and non-CINV (blue columns; n = 15) groups. Data are expressed as mean (column) ± standard deviation (vertical bar). Significant differences between groups were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni correction. *p < 0.05, CINV vs. non-CINV. NPY, neuropeptide Y, CINV, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting