Fig. 3

Fold changes in plasma (a) NPY, (b) leptin, (c) acyl-ghrelin, (d) motilin, and (e) substance P levels with respect to baseline (day 1, before administration of chemotherapy) in the CINV (red circles and lines; n = 4) and non-CINV (blue circles and lines; n = 15) groups. Data are expressed as mean (circle) ± standard deviation (vertical bar). Significant differences between groups were analyzed by Dunnett's test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, compared with day 1. NPY, neuropeptide Y; CINV, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting