Table 2 The clinical parameters of the no nephrotoxicity and nephrotoxicity groups

Age (years)

79

[34–96]

79

[19–98]

0.653^†)

Sex (M/F)

90/75

27/20

-

Height (cm)

160

[137–180]

160

[137.5–178]

0.988^†)

Weight (kg)

51.3

[29.2-135.7]

49.1

[27.0-110.9]

0.633^†)

Ccr (mL/min)

49.6

[4.9–120]

54.4

[20.5–120]

0.385^†)

BMI

20.0

[12.5–49.8]

20.5

[11.7–45.0]

0.650^†)

Dehydration^‖)

118

(71.5%)

33

(70.2%)

0.862^‡)

General blood tests

WBC×10³ (/µL)

90.0

[1-405]

93.0

[3-242]

0.406^†)

Plt×10⁴ (/µL)

18.0

[0.2–66.6]

17.2

[1.5–59.7]

0.911^†)

Blood biochemical tests

Alb (g/dL)

2.4

[1.3–4.3]

2.3

[1.3–3.7]

0.214^†)

T-Bil (mg/dL)

0.6

[0.2–9.5]

0.8

[0.2–5.6]

0.154^†)

AST (IU/L)

23.0

[6.0-324]

35.0

[10–155]

0.009^†)

ALT (IU/L)

17.5

[2.0-495]

26.0

[4.0-217]

0.053^†)

BUN (mg/dL)

20.1

[4.3–145]

20.8

[6.9–63.2]

0.948^†)

Cr (mg/dL)

0.74

[0.25–6.7]

0.63

[0.27–2.7]

0.428^†)

CRP (mg/dL)

7.5

[0.04–39.2]

7.8

[0.32–27.3]

0.817^†)

High dose of VCM (4 g/day)

2

(1.2%)

3

(6.4%)

0.074^§)

Cumulative Dose (g)

13.5

[2.75–82.5]

16.0

[3.0–65.0]

0.622^†)

Loading dose ≥ 25 mg/kg

103

(62.4%)

30

(63.8%)

0.860^‡)

Initial Dose (mg/kg)

26.0

[7.5–46.7]

25.6

[9.0-55.6]

0.180^†)

Maintenance Dose (mg/kg/day)

25.7

[3.5–63.9]

28.3

[5.4–62.3]

0.397^†)

Date of the first blood concentration measurement (day)

4

[3–10]

4

[3–8]

0.157^†)

Number of peak blood concentration measurements

1

[1–7]

2

[1–6]

0.130^†)

Number of trough blood concentration measurements

2

[1–7]

2

[1–6]

0.116^†)

Peak blood concentration (µg/mL)

24.7

[5.9–68.5]

29.0

[16.7-120.4]

< 0.0001^†)

Trough blood concentration (µg/mL)

15.4

[3.0-47.9]

19.3

[9.5–49.8]

< 0.0001^†)

Initial Blood Sampling Measured AUC (mg·h/L)

487

[237–1451]

628

[275–1975]

< 0.0001^†)

AUCss (mg·h/L)

551

[230–1036]

656

[287–1984]

< 0.0001^†)

Cumulative AUC (mg·h/L) ^¶)

6001

[1011–37078]

5877

[1117–29657]

0.796^†)

Days of administration (days)

11.0

[3–43]

14.0

[3–47]

0.022^†)

Periods before the onset of nephrotoxicity (days)

11.0

[3–43]

11.0

[3–47]

0.437^†)

Dosing for more than 14 days

59

(35.8%)

24

(51.1%)

0.058^‡)

Comorbid disease

Heart failure

53

(32.1%)

19

(40.4%)

0.289^‡)

Arrhythmia

32

(19.4%)

14

(29.8%)

0.127^‡)

Renal diseases caused by underlying conditions

30

(18.2%)

13

(27.7%)

0.154^‡)

Chronic hepatic disease

8

(4.8%)

7

(14.9%)

0.026^‡)

Diabetes mellitus

51

(30.9%)

12

(25.5%)

0.477^‡)

Malignant tumor

31

(18.8%)

6

(12.8%)

0.337^‡)

Sepsis

26

(15.8%)

6

(12.8%)

0.613^‡)

Concomitant medications^*)

TAZ/PIPC

14

(8.5%)

9

(19.1%)

0.038^‡)

Aminoglycosids^#)

1

(0.6%)

3

(6.4%)

0.035^§)

Diuretic

59

(35.8%)

27

(57.4%)

0.008^‡)

NSAIDs

20

(12.1%)

11

(23.4%)

0.053^‡)

Acetaminophen

37

(22.4%)

12

(25.5%)

0.656^‡)

ACE inhibitors

2

(1.2%)

2

(4.3%)

0.214^§)

ARB

38

(23.0%)

8

(17.0%)

0.378^‡)

Catecholamine

28

(20.0%)

9

(19.1%)

0.728^‡)

Immunosuppressive drug

31

(18.8%)

9

(19.1%)

0.956^‡)

anticancer drug

7

(4.2%)

1

(2.1%)

0.871^§)

Contrast agent

1

(0.6%)

1

(2.1%)

0.395^§)