Table 3 Intervention outcomes of aminoglycoside blood concentration management and clinical endpoints

Aminoglycoside blood concentration management

Initial dose recommendation by pharmacist

26 (21%)

84 (60%)

< 0.01

Patients who underwent blood concentration measurement

65 (53%)

101 (72%)

< 0.01

Number of days until the first blood concentration measurement

4 (3–6)

3 (2–4)

< 0.01

Number of blood concentration measurements

1 (0–1)

2 (0–2)

< 0.01

Patients who were able to maintain target blood concentration without dose adjustments

38 (31%)

59 (42%)

0.07

Pharmacist intervention based on blood concentration analysis

Patients who required dose adjustment

37 (30%)^a

46 (37%)

0.69

Dose increase^b

15 (41%)

12 (26%)

Dose reduction^b

23 (62%)

34 (74%)

Dosage and Concentration

Amikacin^c

First dosage (mg/kg/day)

7.1 (5.2–8.6)

8.2 (6.7–10.5)

Dosage at end (mg/kg/day)

7.6 (6.1–9.8)

8.5 (7.4–12.8)

Peak concentration (µg/mL)

34.7 (27.0–45.8)

46.9 (36.9–55.8)

Trough concentration (µg/mL)

1.1 (0.9–2.0)

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

Gentamicin/

Tobramycin^d

First dosage (mg/kg/day)

3.2 (2.0–3.9)

3.4 (2.4–4.8)

Dosage at end (mg/kg/day)

3.0 (1.8–3.7)

3.9 (2.1–4.9)

Peak concentration (µg/mL)

9.9 (8.1–15.9)

12.4 (9.3–16.5)

Trough concentration (µg/mL)

1.1 (0.4–1.9)

0.6 (0.4–1.7)

Gentamicin for infective endocarditis^e

First dosage (mg/kg/day)

2.3 (2.0–2.7)

2.6 (2.1–3.0)

Dosage at end (mg/kg/day)

2.1 (1.3–2.9)

2.0 (1.4–2.5)

Peak concentration (µg/mL)

4.5 (3.5–5.4)

6.3 (4.3–9.5)

Trough concentration (µg/mL)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)

0.8 (0.4–1.0)

Arbekacin^f

First dosage (mg/kg/day)

3.5 (2.4–5.0)

3.7 (3.6–5.3)

Dosage at end (mg/kg/day)

3.5 (2.4–6.4)

5.5 (3.7–10.5)

Peak concentration (µg/mL)

14.0 (11.6–17.2)

14.1 (9.3–20.2)

Trough concentration (µg/mL)

0.6 (0.5–0.7)

0.9 (0.6–1.2)