Influence of loop diuretics on denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia in osteoporosis: a retrospective observational analysis

Table 2 Summary of patient characteristics in a retrospective cohort data

	Non-hypocalcaemia n = 144	Hypocalcaemia n = 20	P value
Demographical data
Male, n (%)	12 (8)	4 (20)	0.100
Age, years	71 [63 to 77]	74 [66 to 77]	0.488
Body weight, kg	47 [41 to 55]	45 [41 to 53]	0.385
Body mass index, kg/m²	21 [19 to 24]	21 [18 to 22]	0.185
Co-existing diseases
Rheumatoid arthritis, n (%)	24 (17)	2 (10)	0.444
Systemic lupus erythematosus, n (%)	11 (8)	1 (5)	0.671
Vasculitis, n (%)	5 (3)	0 (0)	0.397
Interstitial pneumonia, n (%)	8 (6)	2 (10)	0.436
Inflammatory bowel disease, n (%)	12 (8)	1 (5)	0.605
Laboratory data
Serum Albumin, g/dL	4.1 [3.8 to 4.3]	4.0 [3.6 to 4.1]	0.032
Serum creatinine, mg/dL	0.66 [0.56 to 0.78]	0.74 [0.56 to 1.06]	0.175
eGFR^a, mL/min/1.73m²	69.3 [58.0 to 85.5]	60.2 [43.8 to 93.3]	0.298
eGFR category, n (%)			0.088
≥ 90 mL/min/1.73m²	25 (17)	5 (25)
60 to 89 mL/min/1.73m²	79 (55)	5 (25)
30 to 59 mL/min/1.73m²	35 (24)	9 (45)
15 to 29 mL/min/1.73m²	3 (2)	0 (0)
< 15 mL/min/1.73m²	2 (1)	1 (5)
Serum calcium^b, mg/dL	9.5 [9.3 to 9.8]	9.1 [9.0 to 9.4]	< 0.001
Co-administered medication
Calcium and vitamin D supplements^c, n (%)	81 (56)	7 (35)	0.074
Vitamin D preparation, n (%)	46 (32)	7 (35)	0.784
Calcium preparation, n (%)	0 (0)	2 (10)	0.596
Proton pump inhibitors, n (%)	61 (42)	13 (65)	0.057
Loop diuretics, n (%)	8 (6)	3 (15)	0.114
Thiazide diuretics, n (%)	0 (0)	3 (15)	0.515

Data are median [interquartile range] or numbers (%). Continuous data are analyzed with Mann–Whitney U-test. Categorical data are evaluated by Chi-square test. Hypocalcaemia was defined as a serum calcium level < 8.5 mg/dL [12]
Abbreviations: eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate
^aeGFR was estimated using the following Equation [15]
\(eGRF\;=194\times serum\;creatinine^{-1.094}\times age^{-0.287}\times0.739\;\left(if\;female\right)\)
^bSerum calcium level was corrected when serum albumin level <4.0 g/dL [13]
\(\mathrm{Corrected}\;\mathrm{calcium}\;=\;\mathrm{serum}\;\mathrm{calcium}\;+\;(4.0\;-\;\mathrm{serum}\;\mathrm{albumin})\)
^cDenotas^® (Daiichi Sankyo, Tokyo, Japan)

ISSN: 2055-0294