Fig. 1

Concentration–time plot for antiepileptic drugs. a thiamylal (black circle symbol) and carbamazepine (CBZ, white circle symbol). The horizontal dashed line at the level of 4 μg/mL of carbamazepine depicts the lower limit of effective concentration. b clobazam (white diamond symbol) desmethylclobazam (white triangle symbol), perampanel (cross symbol), lacosamide (black square symbol), and levetiracetam (black triangle symbol). Thiamylal was administered as a 150 mg bolus (2.1 mg/kg), followed by 300 mg (4.2 mg/kg) over 90 min, and then continuously at a rate of 375 mg/h (5.2 mg/kg/h)