Impact of polypharmacy on 3-year mortality in patients with heart failure: a retrospective study

Table 3 Multivariable analysis of all-cause mortality within 3 years

Factor	HR	95% CI	P
Number of ni-GDMT drugs	1.06	1.01-1.11	0.020
Number of GDMT drugs	0.94	0.88-1.00	0.066
Other factors
Age (years)	1.05	1.03-1.06	<0.001
Male sex	1.71	1.26-2.32	<0.001
>LVEF <40%	1.73	1.27-2.35	<0.001
Haemoglobin (g/dL)	0.82	0.74-0.90	<0.001
Albumin (g/dL)	0.42	0.31-0.57	<0.001
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m²)	0.99	0.99-1.00	0.029

HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, GDMT Guideline-directed medical therapy, ni-GDMT not included in the Guideline-directed medical therapy, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction
Cox regression multivariable analysis included number of GDMT medications, number of ni-GDMT medications, age, male, LVEF <40%, haemoglobin, albumin levels, and eGFR level

ISSN: 2055-0294