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Table 1 Background data of patients in the four groups

From: Reinforcement of pimobendan with guideline-directed medical therapy may reduce the rehospitalization rates in patients with heart failure: retrospective cohort study

Variable

HFrEF

 

non-rEF(HFmrEF + HFpEF)

 

GDMT-reinforced

(n = 37)

GDMT non-reinforced (n = 56)

p.value

 

GDMT-reinforced

(n = 12)

GDMT non-reinforced

(n = 26)

p.value

  

Age (years)

68 (59–78)

74.5 (67.8–81)

0.044

 

78 (74.3–82.8)

80 (73.3–85)

0.637

  

Male, n (%)

29 (78.4)

40 (71.4)

0.481

 

4 (33.3)

11 (42.3)

0.728

  

BMI (kg/m2)

22.3 (19.5–25.4)

23.4 (19.2–25.4)

0.900

 

23.6 (21.5–24.5)

20 (18.2–24.7)

0.177

  

PM.ICD, n (%)

15 (40.5)

24 (42.9)

1.000

 

2 (16.7)

5 (19.2)

1.000

  

ACE.ARB, n (%)

32 (86.5)

44 (78.6)

0.417

 

9 (75.0)

18 (69.2)

1.000

  

MRA, n (%)

33 (89.2)

32 (57.1)

0.001

 

9 (75.0)

13 (50.0)

0.178

  

ARNI, n (%)

1 (2.7)

5 (8.9)

0.397

 

2 (16.7)

0 (0.0)

0.094

  

PPI, n (%)

30 (81.1)

41 (73.2)

0.460

 

6 (50.0)

22 (84.6)

0.045

  

β-blocker, n (%)

37 (100.0)

50 (89.3)

0.078

 

12 (100.0)

16 (61.5)

0.016

  

Statin, n (%)

22 (59.5)

33 (58.9)

1.000

 

7 (58.3)

9 (34.6)

0.289

  

Digitalis, n (%)

14 (37.8)

17 (30.4)

0.505

 

3 (25.0)

4 (15.4)

0.656

  

β-blocker or MRA reinforcement, n (%)

25 (67.6)

10 (17.9)

< 0.001

 

10 (83.3)

4 (15.4)

< 0.001

  

Anticoagulant, n (%)

23 (62.2)

34 (60.7)

1.000

 

8 (66.7)

20 (76.9)

0.694

  

Antiplatelet drug, n (%)

22 (59.5)

26 (46.4)

0.290

 

4 (33.3)

9 (34.6)

1.000

  

Diuretic, n (%)

37 (100.0)

53 (94.6)

0.273

 

12 (100.0)

25 (96.2)

1.000

  

NT-proBNP (pg/mL) at discharge

13,147 (2502–23,996)

6702 (3669–14,924)

0.432

 

5218 (3680–8180)

3847 (1723–6794)

0.243

  

Albumin

         

At admission (g/dL)

3.5 (3.2–3.9)

3.6 (3.3–3.8)

0.879

 

3.4 (3.1–3.9)

3.5 (3.2–3.7)

0.875

  

At discharge (g/dL)

3.3 (2.9–3.9)

3.6 (3.2–3.7)

0.735

 

2.9 (2.6–3.4)

3.2 (2.7–3.7)

0.250

  

eGFR

         

At admission (mL/min/1.73m2)

38 (25–55)

29 (19-44.5)

0.021

 

26.5 (19.3–40.3)

25 (20-37.5)

0.925

  

At discharge (mL/min/1.73m2)

43 (28–63)

31.5 (22–49)

0.023

 

34.5 (16.5–51.3)

29 (21-41.8)

0.950

  

Hemoglobin

         

At admission (g/dL)

12.5 (11.3–14)

11.1 (9.8–12.9)

0.004

 

11.2 (10-12.5)

10.7 (8.8–11.7)

0.414

  

At discharge (g/dL)

10.9 (9.8–11.8)

10.5 (9.4–12.3)

0.296

 

9.0 (8.4–10.2)

10.1 (9.2–11.4)

0.068

  

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) at discharge

100 (93–106)

103 (95–111)

0.141

 

108 (101.5-118.7)

102 (98.3–109)

0.176

  
  1. Abbreviations: ACE-I, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor; BMI, Body Mass Index; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GDMT, Guideline-directed medical therapy; HFmrEF, heart failure with mid-range ejection fraction; HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; ICD, Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; PM, PaceMaker; PPI, proton pump inhibitor
  2. Continuous data are presented as mean values (standard deviation)
  3. Categorical variables are expressed as numbers and percentages; these were compared among the groups using the chi-square test. Continuous variables are expressed as means and standard deviations or as medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs).
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Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences

ISSN: 2055-0294

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