Fig. 3

Plasma concentrations of tramadol, O-desmethylate, N-desmethylate, and N,O-didesmethylate obtained from patients with cancer pain (a) or non-cancer pain (b) just before treatment of oral tramadol on day 4 or later. (1) Tramadol, (2) O-desmethylate, (3) N-desmethylate, and (4) N,O-didesmethylate